Observation of secondary ice production in clouds at low temperatures

Abstract. Ice particles play an important role in precipitation formation and radiation balance. Therefore, accurate description of ice initiation the atmosphere is great importance for weather prediction models climate simulations. Despite abundance crystals atmosphere, mechanisms their remain not well understood. There are two major sets atmosphere: primary nucleation secondary production. Secondary production occurs presence preexisting ice, which results enhancement concentration particles. Until recently, was mainly attributed to rime-splintering mechanism, known as Hallett–Mossop process, active a relatively narrow temperature range from ?3 ?8 ?C. The existence process supported by situ observations. present study provides explicit observation at temperatures low ?27 ?C, outside process. This expands our knowledge clouds. obtained intended stimulate laboratory theoretical studies develop physically based parameterizations models.